January 4, 2025, 9:18 am | Read time: 6 minutes
The bandog is a special type of dog that is a crossbreed of large muscular dog breeds that are crossed with lively and fearless dog breeds.
The term ‘bandog’ does not denote a specific breed standard but refers to a type of dog with a storied history and an impressive reputation. Originally bred to embody protection, strength, and loyalty, these qualities continue to define the bandog. But what exactly defines bandogs, and what draws an increasing number of dog owners to this exceptional canine?
Origin and History of the Bandog
The bandog’s origins can be traced back to the Middle Ages. The name ‘bandog’ is derived from the Old English word ‘banda,’ signifying ‘band’ or ‘chain.’ Traditionally, these dogs were kept chained during the day and released at night to safeguard homes, farms, and families. The bandog, a working dog, was valued for its protective instincts and fearlessness.
In the 20th century, the bandog type gained popularity, and breeders sought to combine the best traits of mastiff-like dogs with Terrier or bulldog types through selective breeding, aiming for the mass and strength of a mastiff along with the agility and bravery of a Terrier or bulldog.
However, it is important to distinguish the term ‘bandog’ from similar concepts. It is often translated as “chain dog.” Although bandogs were or are often kept on a chain, not every chain dog is a bandog. However, the term “chain dog” is used to describe any dog that is kept on a chain for a long period of time. For clearer differentiation, the term ‘chained dog’ is used in English to specifically refer to any dog that is kept on a chain for extended periods.
In Germany, the tethering of dogs is subject to specific conditions (TierSchHuV § 7 (2)). In Austria, however, keeping dogs purely on chains has been prohibited since 2005.1, 2
Appearance
As the bandog has no official breed standard, its appearance and size vary. Typically, they are medium-sized to large dogs that are muscular and powerfully built. They can weigh between 77 and 132 pounds and have a robust, often athletic build. The coat is short, easy to groom, and comes in various colors, including black, brown, blue, and brindle.
Character Traits
Bandogs are characterized by their unwavering courage and willingness to work. They have been bred to be fearless, whether protecting property or in situations that require a high degree of alertness and assertiveness.
Bandogs are intelligent and readily trainable, quickly grasping what is expected of them. This makes them excellent guard and service dogs. However, their intelligence necessitates guidance from an experienced handler to ensure they are properly directed and engaged.
Bandogs are extremely loyal to their family or owners. Their protective instincts are pronounced, and they exhibit a natural wariness of strangers. This trait makes them effective guard dogs but also requires careful socialization to ensure they don’t overreact.
Well-bred and trained bandogs are not unnecessarily aggressive. They have a calm demeanor and only intervene when it is really necessary. This level of self-control renders them dependable companions.
Misunderstood Dogs
Nowadays, aggressive and intimidating dogs, in particular, are referred to as bandogs. They can be quite stubborn and challenging to tame. Their suspicion of strangers and the general recommendation against keeping them with other pets and children should be noted. However, it is important to note that many so-called bandogs are “man-made.” They serve as a prime example of human-directed genetic manipulation.
As a rule, the bandog has been bred for characteristics that are useful for certain human needs. These include, for example, protectiveness, loyalty, and working ability. The breeding of the bandog has been adapted to meet human needs throughout history. Whether as a guard dog in uncertain times or as a fighting dog in the arena, the Bbndog was always a flexible tool that humans could mold to their liking. This underscores the extent to which its existence is intertwined with human influence and highlights the limited public knowledge about this dog type.
Training and Keeping
Keeping a bandog requires experience and commitment. These dogs are not recommended for novice owners as they require a strong, assertive leader. However, their intelligence and eagerness to work make them eager learners who will make rapid progress with positive, consistent training.
Early socialization is crucial to ensure that the bandog becomes a well-balanced and well-behaved companion. Simple obedience exercises are often not enough – bandogs love mental and physical challenges. Engagement in dog sports like obedience, protection work, or agility can provide them with the necessary stimulation.
As bandogs are active and full of energy, they need a lot of exercise and mental stimulation. While a large yard is ideal, it cannot replace the need for extensive walks, playtime, and training sessions. They should also not be kept in isolation. Bandogs are social animals and need close contact with their humans.
The “Swinford Bandog”
The vet, John Swinford, became involved in the breeding of bandogs in the 1960s. His goal was to develop a dog with a temperament suited to being the ideal guard dog. He used the Neapolitan Mastiff and the American Pit Bull Terrier, among other breeds, for breeding. It was through him that the bandog gained popularity. Following his death, however, only a handful of breeders continued to dedicate themselves to this type of dog. Nowadays, there are only a few fans of this type of dog in the USA.
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Is the Bandog Banned in Germany?
In Europe, the term ‘bandog’ is commonly associated with dogs that are aggressive, large, and intimidating. They are frequently kept by individuals within certain circles as a status symbol, among other reasons. In Germany, the bandog became known in the context of the fighting dog debate. Since it is a type of dog rather than a specific breed, the bandog is not outright banned in Germany.
However, certain breeds are listed under this term, which are referred to as list dogs. Special keeping regulations apply to them. For instance, in Bavaria, dogs of the bandog type are classified as Category I dogs. A permit is required to keep these dogs.
The situation is different in neighboring countries, where the name bandog can be found on some breed lists. In the canton of Zurich in Switzerland, for example, keeping, breeding, and importing Bandogs is prohibited. In Austria, the name bandog is also on the breed list in two out of six federal states. Specifically in Lower Austria and Vorarlberg, they are listed as ‘crossbreeds of bandog and pit bull terrier.’ This means that, depending on the province, either a certificate of competence or a special permit from the mayor is required to keep the dog.